Detection of Ecballium elaterium in hedgerow olive orchards using a low-cost uncrewed aerial vehicle and open-source algorithms

BACKGROUND

Ecballium elaterium (common name: squirting cucumber) is an emerging weed problem in hedgerow or superintensive olive groves under no tillage. It colonizes the inter-row area infesting the natural or sown cover crops, and is considered a hard-to-control weed. Research in other woody crops has shown E. elaterium has a patchy distribution, which makes this weed susceptible to design a site-specific control strategy only addressed to E. elaterium patches. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a methodology based on the analysis of imagery acquired with an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and map E. elaterium infestations in hedgerow olive orchards.

RESULTS

The study was conducted in two superintensive olive orchards, and the images were taken using a UAV equipped with an RGB sensor. Flights were conducted on two dates: in May, when there were various weeds infesting the orchard, and in September, when E. elaterium was the only infesting weed. UAV-orthomosaics in the first scenario were classified using random forest models, and the orthomosaics from September with E. elaterium as the only weed, were analyzed using an unsupervised algorithm. In both cases, the overall accuracies were over 0.85, and the producer's accuracies for E. elaterium ranged between 0.74 and 1.00.

CONCLUSION

These results allow the design of a site-specific and efficient herbicide control protocol which would represent a step forward in sustainable weed management. The development of these algorithms in free and open-source software fosters their application in small and medium farms. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

基于多源遥感数据的高寒草地生物量反演模型精度——以夏河县桑科草原试验区为例

基于MODIS、Landsat-8 OLI和HJ-1A/1B CCD卫星遥感资料,结合2013-2014年甘南州夏河县桑科草原试验区野外实测数据,建立了高寒草地地上生物量遥感反演模型,筛选出基于不同遥感资料植被指数的生物量最优反演模型,比较分析了生物量最优模型的空间效应。同时,分析了2000-2013年基于MODIS植被指数估算的试验区产草量的年际变化特征。结果表明,草地生物量最优反演模型为基于Landsat-8 OLI NDVI数据的对数模型(y=727.54lnx1+495.23,R2=0.772,RMSE=31.333 kg DM·hm-2);在30和250 m空间分辨率下,基于MODIS NDVI及EVI、Landsat-8 OLI NDVI和HJ-1A/1B CCD NDVI最优模型估算的生物量均高于实测生物量,其中Landsat-8 OLI NDVI数据估算的草地生物量与实测生物量值最接近;2000-2013年试验区草地总生物量整体上具有显著增加的趋势(R2=0.590 7,P0.001),平均增加速率达50.57 kg DM·hm-2·a-1。     

Meat Juice Serology and Improved Food Chain Information as Control Tools for Pork‐Related Public Health Hazards

The seroprevalence of Salmonella spp., pathogenic Yersinia spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. was studied in 1353 finishing pigs from 259 farms that were allocated according to farm types: large fattening farms (≥1000 pig places), small fattening farms (< 1000 pig places) and farrow‐to‐finish farms. The antibodies were analysed with commercial ELISA kits in meat juice samples that were collected at Finnish slaughterhouses. Salmonella antibodies were rare (3% of pigs, 14% of farms) when the cut‐off optical density (OD) value 0.2 was used. Antibodies to pathogenic Yersinia spp. and T. gondii were detected in 57% of pigs and 85% of farms (OD ≥0.3) and in 3% of pigs and 9% of farms (OD ≥0.15), respectively. No antibodies to Trichinella spp. were detected (OD ≥0.3). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, T. gondii and Trichinella spp. as the most relevant biological hazards in the context of meat inspection of pigs. The seroprevalence of these important zoonotic pathogens was low in Finland, except that of Yersinia. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was significantly higher in pigs originating from small‐scale fattening farms (P < 0.05). Strong positive correlation was observed at the animal level between Salmonella and Yersinia seropositivity and between Salmonella and Toxoplasma seropositivity (P < 0.05). We suggest that these results reflect the level and importance of biosecurity measures applied on the farms. Meat juice serology at slaughter is a useful tool for targeting measures to control these pathogens. The information obtained from analyses should be used as part of the food chain information (FCI).     

电力负荷管理系统反窃电措施

在电力负荷管理系统中,使用反窃电监测仪,对计量回路电压,电流等实施监控主站集中监视和巡检反映窃电的方法,及时捕获窃电和提高反窃电速度。     

森林病虫害监测预报软件的开发及应用

森林病虫害监测预报软件是一套用于对测报数据进行统计分析的工具，它包含了农林病虫害监测预报工作中常用的40多种分析方法，本文详细介绍了森林病虫害监测预报软件的开发过程及应用技术。     

全国森林防火中长期发展规划关键问题初探

森林防火规划是森林防火工作的重要组成部分。全国一期森林防火规划实施即将结束,二期规划的编制已经启动。文章对一期规划的成效和存在的问题进行分析,藉此,对二期规划的范围、布局、重点、保障等关键问题进行阐述。     

新疆天然林资源保护工程智能化监控平台建设研究

基于移动通信、地理信息和视频监控等技术建立天然林资源保护工程智能化监控平台,实现天然林资源的全面监控和管理,加强巡护人员和巡护事件的监控力度。文中介绍了视频监控技术、移动GIS技术和智能移动通信技术等研究中的关键技术。阐述平台总体框架设计以及视频监控管理子系统、天保工程森林智能移动巡护子系统和天然林资源保护巡护管理子系统的主要功能实现。     

高光谱遥感技术在现代林业中的应用与发展

以高光谱遥感技术为例，阐述了遥感技术在林业中关于森林信息获取、森林监测和森林健康评价等各方面的运用和发展，以及“3S一体化技术”在现代林业中广泛应用的必然发展趋势。     

利用遥感技术对江边林业局进行森林资源调查

选取美国陆地卫星Land-sat-stm1999年3月成像比例尺为1：5万的TM453卫生数据，于2000年1－3月，对江边林业局森林资源进行了外业建标、室内判读和现地验证。结果判读一致率达92．3％，正判率达97．5％。